哲学研究

“有”“无”“变易”的主题，居于中西哲学鼎定其基本建制的关节点上，因此，它们的出现、形成及勾连方式，便尤为切近地反映出中西哲学在基本建制上的分道扬镳与终成定局。中国哲学由于其基本建制而整个地立足于“易道”之上，并通过有-无(或乾-坤、阴-阳)来对“易道”作出阐说和发挥。西方哲学的形而上学建制则意味着“易道”的不可能性——永恒者和变易者属于两个分割-对立的世界：“本真的有”属于超感性世界，而“本真的无”属于感性世界。“易道”只有在非形而上学的基本建制中才是可能的。对于易道的解说常有一偏，或偏于无(贵无),或偏于有(崇有),要之任何一偏终不离于易道也。之所以如此，是由于整个中国哲学的基本建制——道器不割、体用不二、本末不遗。正是这一基本建制决定性地标志出中西哲学的根本差别，从而也决定性地标志出中西哲学在有、无主题上的截然不同。

The themes of “Being”“Non-Being”and “Becoming”lie at the pivotal points where Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy established their fundamental frameworks.Therefore,their emergence, formations, and interconnections profoundly reflect how Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy diverged and bacame self-modeled into distinct systems in their own basic dimensions. Rooted in its foundational structure,Chinese philosophy as a whole stands on the “Way of Change ”( Yi Dao),which is expounded through the dialectic of Being-Non-Being( or Qian-Kun,Yin-Yang). By contrast,the metaphysical framework of Western philosophy renders the “Way of Change”impossible—eternal entities and changing entities respectively belong to two separate and mutually opposing worlds: “Authentic Being ” inhabits the supersensible realm,while“Authentic Non-Being”is confined to the sensible world. The “Way of Change”is only possible within a non-metaphysical constitutional framework. The fundamental constitution of Chinese philosophy—where the Way( Dao) and concrete things( Qi) are inseparable,substance( Ti) and function( Yong) are unified,and roots( Ben) and branches( Mo)are interdependent—determines this coherence. It is precisely this constitutional structure that fundamentally distinguishes Chinese philosophy from Western philosophy,thereby defining their diametrically opposed approaches to the themes of Being and Non-Being.