哲学研究

与古代社会的债务不同，现代债务是以信用为现实基础的经济关系。而信用是以货币的价值符号与其实体相分离为前提，并对未来劳动所有权取得保证的借贷关系。这就决定了现代债务关系通过如下方式对人的存在方式产生影响：以人尚未到来的未来定义人当前必须如此这般地存在。由此，对现代债务问题的把握应超越纯粹道德的或纯粹经济学的视角，转向政治经济学批判的视域，考察它与人的道德存在和经济存在的内在关系，从而进一步揭示现代债务关系作为人自我异化的产物，对人的存在质感在宏观和微观两个层面所产生的积极与消极效应，使其更好地造福于人类自身的发展。

Unlike the debts in ancient societies,modern debts are economic relations based on credit in reality. Credit,on the other hand,is a lending relationship that presupposes the separation of the value symbol of money from its entity and guarantees the ownership of future labor. This fact results in that modern debt relations affect the modes of existence of men in the following way: men are defined,on the basis of a future that has yet to come,that they must exist in such and such a way at present. Therefore,we should go beyond grasping modern debt from a purely moral or purely economic perspective and turn to the critical perspective of political economy to examine their intrinsic relationship with men's moral and economic existence. This further reveals the positive and negative effects that modern debt relations,as a product of human self-alienation,will have on the texture of human existence at both macro and micro levels,thus enabling these relations to better promote the development of humanity itself.