哲学研究

海德格尔哲学中有没有一种伦理学，构成了学界争论已久的问题。本文主要以《存在与时间》为核心，通过分析此在、他人与常人之间的生存论关系，说明海德格尔关注的焦点不是人与人或者人与社会之间的伦理规范，而是此在与存在之间的存在论关系；海德格尔关于此在之沉沦的分析实际上颠覆了日常生活的伦理规范，凸显了此在作为具有“向来我属性”的“去存在”的在者，归根结底是朝向可能性的存在。因此，海德格尔关于此在的生存论分析既不可能为沉沦的常人世界“背书”,也不太可能为现存的伦理学奠基，他所说的“源始的伦理学”不是伦理学而是“基础存在论”。我们可以基于任何一种伦理学的立场评价和批评海德格尔哲学，但是海德格尔哲学本身并不导向一种伦理学。

There has been controversy over whether or not there is an ethics in Heidegger's philosophy. Considering Being and Time, the author wants to explain that Heidegger's focus is the ontological relation between Daseinand Being instead of ethical norms between one person and another, or between man and society; this will beaccomplished by analyzing the existential relation between Dasein, others, and the “ They”. Actually,Heidegger's analysis about Dasein's falling overturns everyday life's ethical norms and distinctly shows thatDJameinigkeits characters of “to be” [Zu-sein] and “in each case mineness”[esein is its possibility, in essence due to itd]. Heidegger's existential analysis of Dasein, therefore, does not “justify” the falling world ofthe One(as Man) or lay the foundation for existing ethics. For that matter, Heidegger's so-called“primordial ethics” is fundamental ontology rather than ethics. We can judge and criticize Heidegger'sphilosophy from any position of ethics, but Heidegger's philosophy itself does not lead to an ethics.