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瓦雷拉等人在1991年出版《寓体心智》一书,开启了认知科学领域内新的解释路径。书中提出把认知理解为寓体行动,引发了认知科学中称为"施行主义"的研究潮流。瓦雷拉等人对传统认知科学的批判,集中在"内在表象"概念和连带的形而上学实在论,他们主张生物在其与环境的共同规定中创造其自己的世界。不少欧陆哲学家对表象主义其实也早有批判,尼采是这一批判的早期代表,他寻求以适用于一切生物之原则来说明人的认知能力,可以视为施行进路之先驱。
Abstract：Varela,Thompson,and Rosch; 's The Embodied Mind,published in 1991,brought a revolution to the cognitive sciences. In it they proposed to understand cognition as embodied action,inaugurating enactivism;their critique of the traditional approach of the cognitive sciences focused on the concept of internal representation and related metaphysical realism,and they suggested that an organism creates its own world in a relationship of co-determination with its environment. Before them,some continental philosophers had also been dissatisfied with traditional representationalism. Nietzsche was one of them. To the extent that he sought to explain human cognitive abilities by universal biological principles,we can consider Nietzsche a precursor to enactivism.
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(1)瓦雷拉尝试从自我制成直接推演出达义(cf.Weber&Varela),但自我制成对于达义之充分性,后来在施行进路内部也受到质疑。(cf.Thompson,p.122ff;Di Paolo)为简化论述,我此处所表达的是瓦雷拉的立场。
(1)本文对KSA12、13的中文翻译,参考了孙周兴译本(参见尼采)。
基本信息:
中图分类号:B089
引用信息:
[1]梁家荣.施行主义、视角主义与尼采[J].哲学研究,2018(03):117-126+129.
基金信息:
国家社科基金项目“现象学视域下的意识内容研究”(编号16BZX077)的阶段性成果
2018-03-25
2018-03-25