哲学研究

“人是类存在物”。这个命题的核心概念是“类”,核心问题是人何以为“类”。这个命题的“类”概念，表达的是“人”所特有的规定性，表征的是“类存在物”与“自然物”“动物”“人造物”的原则性区别。人作为“类存在物”,集中地体现为人的“类特性”,即人的生命活动是有意识的、对象性的、个性化的、创造性的、历史性的生命活动。人的具有“类特性”的生命活动，构成了人对世界的否定性的统一关系，并创造了人类特有的存在方式即人类文明。“文明”作为人类的存在方式，内涵着“类存在物”的认知方式、生产方式、交往方式、成长方式、历史形态的整体规定性，内涵着人类自我发展的目的、方向、道路和趋势。人类在创造文明的历史进程中，创造出了文明史上具有革命意义的人造物——“人工智能”,这为反思“人是类存在物”和创建人类文明新形态提出了崭新的时代性课题。

“Humans are species beings”. The core concept of this proposition is“species”,and the central question is why humans constitute a “species”. The notion of “species” in this proposition expresses the unique determination of “humans”,signifying the fundamental distinction between “species beings” and “natural objects”,“animals ”,as well as “artifacts”. As“species beings”,humans are primarily characterized by their “speciescharacter”,which means that their life activities are conscious,object-oriented,individualized,creative,and historical. This “species-character” for their life activities establishes a negating-unifying relationship between humans and the world,giving rise to the distinct mode of human existence—human civilization. As the mode of human existence,“civilization” encompasses the holistic determination of “species beings ” in terms of cognition,production,interaction,development,and historical forms. It embodies the purpose,direction,path,and trends of human self-development. In the historical process of creating human civilization,humans have produced a revolutionary artifact “artificial intelligence”,which poses a new epochal challenge for reflecting on “humans as species beings” and constructing new forms of human civilization.