哲学研究

为了正确理解当代中国诸上层建筑领域——法、政治、道德等建设的任务和目标,必须首先从社会现实的观点去把握中国社会的特定性质和时代变迁。主观意识的观点仅仅局限于单纯的"应当"和"外部反思",而社会现实的观点则要求把诸上层领域的本质性归结为特定的社会现实,归结为具有独特社会-历史规定的"实在主体"。社会现实的观点首先与黑格尔和马克思的学说相联系。从真正现实的观点来看,"市民社会"以原子个人(由一千多年的基督教统治所造成)为前提;与此不同,迄今为止的中国社会乃是区别于"市民社会"的"伦理社会",而且其现代变迁并不趋向于造就原子个人一途,因而并不归结为与政治国家相分离的市民社会。在此意义上可以说,不存在原子个人乃是理解中国社会的钥匙,而中国社会转型的可能性正在于它成为市民社会的不可能性。唯有立足于社会现实的观点,才可能真正把握中国社会的实体性内容及其现代变迁,才可能正确地揭示其诸上层领域建设的现实基础和客观定向。

In order to correctly understand the tasks and goals of the construction of China's contemporary superstructure,we must first and foremost comprehend from the perspective of social reality the peculiar characteristics and the change of eras of Chinese society. The perspective of social reality is closely connected with Hegel's and Marx's doctrines. Chinese society has hitherto been an "ethical society"in contrast to a civil society,and since its modern transitions do not go along the path of creating the atomized individual,it is not to be classified as a civil society that is separate from the political state. In this sense,it can be said that the non-existence of the atomized individual is the key to understanding Chinese society,and the possibility of China's social transformation lies precisely in its impossibility of becoming a civil society. Only on the basis of the perspective of social reality can we truly comprehend the substantial content and modern transitions of Chinese society and correctly reveal the realistic ground and objective orientation of the construction of its superstructure.