哲学研究

莱布尼茨与怀特海虽处不同时代,但他们在许多领域有共同的研究兴趣,都在回归传统的立场上复兴有机宇宙论,以克服机械宇宙论的理论局限。从而,在主体性原则下基于实在论形而上学形成了各具特色的有机宇宙观。作为建设性后现代主义奠基人的怀特海在肯定近代思想家莱布尼茨的同时,努力超越后者的宇宙理解,用经验主体的"现实事态"代替无窗户的"单子",用"过程思维"代替"实体思维",用"两极性"摄入活动代替纯精神的"欲求、知觉、表象",用现实实在的"生成"、"关系"代替实体的"性质"、"变化",用诗人般的上帝代替全能的造物主,用创造性"合生"、"进化"去实现宇宙文明代替"预定和谐"。

Leibniz and Whitehead live in different eras, but they have common interests in many academic fields. Moreover,they both revive organic cosmology on the position of returning to tradition in order to overcome the limitations of mechanical cosmology. Thus Leibniz and Whitehead constructed their own distinctive organic universal views based on metaphysics of realism according to the principle of subjectivity. However,Whitehead as a founder of the constructive postmodernism affirmed Leibniz as modern thinker,he also tried to transcend Leibniz's understanding of the universe,namely,the "windowless monads"are replaced by the "actual occasions"as empirical subjects; the "substantive thinking"is replaced by the"process thinking"; the pure spiritual "appetitions,perceptions,representations" are replaced by the activities of "dipolar " prehensions; the "properties " and "changes " of substances are replaced by the"becoming"and"relationships"of actual entities; the omnipotent Creator is replaced by the poetic God; the predetermined harmony is replaced by actualizing universal civilization through the creative "concrescence"and "evolution".